| Recent books, reports & studies relating to Muslims in Britain |
This compilation is a project of the MCB's Research & Documentation Committee. Its purpose is to create a sign-posting service and resource centre for use by students, researchers and journalists. It includes on-going research as well as recently completed studies. Hyperlinks are provided wherever available.
THEMES
- CHAPLAINCY - Imams and chaplains in hospital, army, prison settings
- EDUCATION - primary & secondary education (including faith schools) and HE
- EMPLOYMENT - socio-economic studies, faith at the workplace, unemployment
- ENVIRONMENT - Islamic discussions on enviromental issues, climate change
- FAMILY - upbringing, nurture and familial relationships
- GENDER - rights and the wider gender equality debate
- HEALTH - mental and physical health, including nutrition, sport
- HISTORY - Muslim presence in the British Isles
- HOUSING - housing conditions, housing association & architectural studies
- IDENTITY - studies & debates on identity, Muslim youth & multiculturalism
- ISLAMOPHOBIA - analysis of anti-Muslim hatred, case studies
- LEGAL & SHARIAH - studies relating to shariah law, shariah courts
- MEDIA - studies on coverage of Islam and Muslims in the British press
- MOSQUES - Mosque surveys, governance guidelines
- MUSLIM CONSUMER - research on Shariah-compliant goods and services
- 7/7 AFTERMATH - research on anti-terrorism legislation, 'suspect' community
- SOCIOLOGY - general accounts of Muslim community development
- STATISTICS - demographic data and data sets
- STUDIES ON MCB - academic studies on the Muslim Council of Britain
The MCB welcomes suggestions for additional entries - please email:
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Entries commence from 2003 - for the pre-2003 archive click here.
CHAPLAINCY
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Muslim Chaplains Research Project, 2010 Click here for Cardiff University's project description |
- Muslim chaplains have been working in institutions within the UK, such as prisons, hospitals, universities and the military for over a decade now. There is no such thing as chaplaincy in the Muslim world so the emergence of Muslim chaplains in Britain has created a new kind of Muslim religious professional whose role has not yet been clearly defined....Our project will be exploring the background, training, and career trajectory of Muslim chaplains in Britain [Principal Investigator - Dr Sophie Gilliat-Ray]
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The myth of multifaith chaplaincy: a national survey of hospital chaplaincy departments in England and Wales by Aziz Shaikh, Abdul Rashid Gatrad, Usman Sheikh, Sukhmeet Singh Panesar, Shuja Shafi Diversity in Health and Social Care 2004;1:93-7 Click here for Paper |
- This paper presents the findings of the first national survey of multifaith chaplaincy provision for hospital patients in England and Wales. Of the 100 NHS hospital chaplaincy departments approached, 72 agreed to participate in a telephone survey regarding chaplaincy provision for Christians, Muslims, Jews, Hindus, Buddhists and Sikhs. Findings showed that the majority of full and part-time chaplains were Christian (93.3% and 91.4% respectively)...
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EDUCATION
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An anatomy of economic inequality in the UK - Report of the National Equality Panel, 2010 Click here for Report |
- ...what is most striking is the way in which particularly lareg proportions of low achievers are found for boys from certain ethnic groups...there are some differences within ethnic groups when also classified by religious affiliation. For instance, White Christain children achieve more GCSE passes at A* than White children who have no religious affiliation, and Indian Hindu and Sikh children achieve more good GCSEs than Indian Muslim children
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Qualitative Narratives of the Transition from Independent to Voluntary Aided Status: A Problem for Conceptualising the �Muslim School� by Damian Breen University of Warwick, 2010 Click here for Paper |
- This paper draws on in-depth life history interviews which were conducted with a head teacher who had overseen two Muslim primary schools through the transition from independent to voluntary aided status. The interviews were not based on the life course of the head teacher, but rather focused on the historical narrative of each school.
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Muslim Schools in Britain: Challenging Mobilisations or Logical Developments? by Naser Meer University of Bristol, 2007 Click here for Paper |
- There are currently over 100 independent and seven state-funded Muslim schools in Britain yet their place within the British education system remains a hotly debated issue. This article argues that Muslim mobilisations for the institutional and financial incorporation of more Muslim schools into the national framework are best understood as an addition to � or continuation of � a historical settlement between earlier religious minorities, the established church, and the state.
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Meeting the Needs of Muslim Pupils in State Schools Muslim Council of Britain, 2007 Click here for Report |
- A child�s first significant encounter with wider society is often when he or she goes to school. It is vital that initial experiences and relationships are positive and supportive, fulfilling all aspects of an individual�s needs. All children, to whatever extent possible, whatever their background, should be educated in the fullness of their being in consistency with their beliefs and the wishes of their parents, in a spirit that values their multiple identities, (faith, cultural and British).
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'Faith schools, multiculturalism and community cohesion: Muslim and Roman Catholic state schools in England and Scotland' by John Flint Policy & Politics, Volume 35, Number 2, April 2007 , pp. 251-268 |
- Exploring the precedents and parallels between the historic incorporation and development of Roman Catholic state schools in Scotland and the contemporary establishment of a Muslim state school in England
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EMPLOYMENT
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Valuing Family, Valuing work: British Muslim Women and the Labour market by Zamila Bunglawala Published by:The London Development Agency (research undertaken by The Young Foundation), 2008Click here for Report |
- The report highlights key analysis of the high educational achievement and career aspiration levels of UK born British Muslim women and the employment barriers they face. The report recommends the policy interventions now necessary to ensure we increase the employment and progression levels of second generation British Muslim women.
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Ethnic minority populations and the labour market: an analysis of the 1991 and 2001 Census (2006) Click here for Report |
- Inequalities in the labour market between groups defined by their ethnic heritage are related to social networks, qualifications and other human capital, contrasts between first generation immigrants and those born and educated in the UK, and direct or indirect discrimination. These themes together with the geography of disadvantage are quantified in this report through the rich datasets of the 1991 and 2001 Census
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Pakistani and Bangledeshi women's attitudes to work and family (2007) Click here for Report |
- The research explored these women's views and experiences around family, including marriage and children, childcare and other caring and domestic responsibilities and leisure and social time. It also asked about education and employment, including women's career aspirations, the barriers to, and benefits of, employment and issues around combining work and family responsibilities. The findings reveal a diverse group of women with a wide range of views, experiences and aspirations. The influence of generational and migrational background on attitudes and expectations was strong but family was viewed as being of central importance in these women's lives. Most also placed great value on living according to their religion and culture. All women felt that education was important as it could provide career choices and a stable future. Some had considerable barriers to employment, including low levels of English language but others were highly educated and had very successful careers. For women with children, flexible employment which enabled them to juggle work with their family responsibilities was of key importance.
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'The Religion question in the Census and use of the SAR dataset', by Miqdad Asaria Birkbeck College, University of London, 2008 Click here for Report |
- The study analysed data relating to Muslim employment, with specific reference to Muslim women. It found that taking factors such as age, marital status, education and other census markers into account, a Muslim woman was four times less likely to be employed. However a university degree increased access to the workplace by a factor of eight. The data was analysed using regression techniques.
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Recovering the Calm - Best practice guide to prayer rooms and quiet space at work Available from St Ethelburga�s Centre for Reconciliation & Peace, June 2008 |
- "This short but informative guide should be essential reading for HR managers. It provides case studies of the quiet rooms - or prayer rooms - established at the Newham General Hospital, The Guardian News & Media Group, Transport for London, Citi at Canary Wharf, BT and the giant legal firm Norton Rose. In the last mentioned, it is noted that the multi-faith prayer room was established to "offer a space for prayer or quiet time to all their staff, and also for the many clients who visit the office, some of whom are Muslims. The room has integral washing facilities consisting of two low level sinks with a tiled floor and space for two seats. The room was replicated when they moved offices to their new buildings on the South Bank, and is much appreciated by their staff". The employer 'Transport for London' have "created rooms in over 15 different locations across London including offices, underground stations and bus depots...in the past, Faruk Patel, a driver from Woodford Green depot sometimes used to say his prayers in the back of his vehicle. After a room was allocated and repainted, the response from staff was very positive. 'It's good to know they are listening', he said 'it means a lot to us to have this facility'.
A section in the guide entitled 'The business case for prayer space' identifies eight valid reasons 'why it makes good business sense to offer quiet rooms to employees', including: demonstrating in a pro-active way a commitment to equality in diversity; the growing body of empirical research showing that meditation and contemplative forms of prayer have a range of benecial efects on health and well-being; providing a quiet room does not need to be costly for employers and in situations where demand for space is high, dual-purpose rooms are possible." [Extract from review]
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ENVIRONMENT
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Contemporary cultures of abstinence and the nighttime economy: Muslim attitudes towards alcohol and the implications for social cohesion, 2010 by Valentine G, Holloway S L, Jayne M Journal - Environment and Planning A 42(1) 8 � 22 |
- This paper draws on original empirical work with the British Pakistani community to explore Muslim attitudes to alcohol and alcohol-related practices, before considering how the Pakistani Muslim community�s culture of abstention shapes its members� access to, and use of, public space in the nighttime economy. We foreground the active role played by alcohol, as a nonhuman actor, in shaping emergent social relations by exploring its agency in generating new exclusions with the mainstream nighttime economy. By using the lens of a faith-based culture of abstention in this way, this paper provides a new perspective on debates about access to public space and social cohesion in the contemporary urban nighttime economy.
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Muslim Green Guide to Reducing Climate Change LifeMakers UK & Islamic Foundation for Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2008 Click here for Report |
- Islam teaches Muslims to respect Allah�s creation and maintain the balance He created. Allah commands people, �Do not cause corruption on the earth� (2:11).� Everyone in the world needs to help. Muslims make up at least one fifth of the world�s population. While most Muslim countries are poor and use far less fossil fuels than rich ones, many Muslims also live in the rich countries or lead wasteful lifestyles and need to play their part in reducing their consumption of fossil fuels.
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Islam and the Environment by Fazlun Khalid Islamic Foundation for Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2002
Click here for Report |
- Deen in essence describes an integrated code of behavior which deals with personal hygiene, at one end of the spectrum, to our relationships with the natural order at the other. It provides a holistic approach to existence, it does not differentiate between the sacred and the secular and neither does it place a distinction between the world of mankind and the world of nature.
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FAMILY
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Building Muslim Families � Challenges and Expectations by Dr M A Bari London: Ta Ha Publishers Ltd 2002 Click here for further details |
- "...Keeping the family intact and raising children in Islam are becoming increasingly daunting prospects for Muslims used to strict moral codes and extended families who have settled in the West, where the older generation is struggling to cope in a society that seems to have given up its religious and cultural values and has become amoral and permissive. With premarital sex, �living together�, and separating off from parental establishments becoming common as an acceptable alternative lifestyle, one major purpose of this book is to raise awareness among Muslims of the ever-increasing importance of creating desirable and genuine marriages and safeguarding a happy relationship, building families and raising children in true Islam." [review]
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Marriage and Islam by Basil Mustafa MCB, 2004 Click here for article |
- This is a fundamental issue which Islam has addressed by emphasizing a balanced approach in the realm of human interaction in general and the family in particular. Since the happiness of the family depends in the first place on a range of human values coming into play between husband and wife in their shared life, the firmer the spiritual and ethical bonds the surer the happiness of the household and the greater its ability to withstand the shocks of life in a selfless and harmonious union.
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GENDER
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Valuing Family, Valuing work: British Muslim Women and the Labour market by Zamila Bunglawala Published by:The London Development Agency (research undertaken by The Young Foundation), 2008 Click here for Report |
- The report highlights key analysis of the high educational achievement and career aspiration levels of UK born British Muslim women and the employment barriers they face. The report recommends the policy interventions now necessary to ensure we increase the employment and progression levels of second generation British Muslim women.
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Muslim Women's Voices by Nadia El-Nakla, Gabrielle Macbeth & Fariha Thomas Muslim Women's Resource Centre, 2007
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- There was a lack of awareness of helping services both in relation to employment access, and more general advice and information. Women asked for more education classes and leisure services geared to meet women only requirements. Health issues raised included a widespread lack of awareness of Muslim women�s needs among health practitioners, issues around maternity care, interpreting, halal meals, lack of resources for undertaking circumcision, and the need for more faith and culturally aware counselling services.
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Muslim women and war on terror by Salma Yaqoob Feminist Review, April 2008 Click here
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- "During my formative years, I had been unaware of any contemporary Muslim women role models for political engagement. While many Muslim men were incredibly supportive, many more deemed it improper that women like myself were occupying the podiums in mosques and addressing them about how the community should respond to this new and dangerous situation.... Gradually, however, through women's practical engagement, stereotypes and perceptions of the norm began to change. Muslim women started to attend public meetings and organize, and non-Muslim anti-war activists became increasingly supportive and proud of the diversity of their movement."[extract]
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Experiences of Muslim Women in Scotland Since the London Bombings by Maariyah Masud Muslim Women's Resource Centre, 2005
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- The overwhelming feeling that the Muslim community itself needs to become less exclusive was mentioned regularly. The question being asked by the women and agency participants, �Who speaks for the Muslim community?� was asked several times. The need for policy makers and agencies to include the voices of women and young people was consistently raised. It was recognised that the Muslim community needs to become a cog in the wheel to enhance community relations, and ultimately the extent to which 'positive integration' is achieved. [review]
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Our Stories, Our Lives Edited by Wahida Shaffi, 2009 Available from The Policy Press, University of Bristol, Fourth Floor, Beacon House, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1QU UK |
- "The editor Wahida Shaffi notes, "...I see a number of Muslim women who have achieved positions of influence - in local government, business, further and higher education, charities and other organisations. Women who care about the society in which they live in and bring up their children; women who increasingly find a voice together to promote values and who work together to make things happen". Her book presents endearing contributions from twenty Muslim women of Bradford, who describe their often quite amazing life journeys from the late 1960s onwards. For insights into Muslim social history, this collection is an apt starting point...." [review]
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Muslim Family Justice and Human Rights: the Experience of British Muslim Women by Samia Bano The Journal of Comparative Law, 2007, 2:2 |
- Exploring the tensions between feminism and Islam while drawing upon empirical research on the use of religious arbitration by British Pakistani Muslim women. Draws on fieldwork with Shariah Councils.
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Islamic Feminism and its role in Cinema Sabina Shah, ongoing doctoral research (2010), University of Manchester Click here for details |
- In recent years there has been an increasing interest in Islamic culture as a fundamentalist and sensationalising phenomenon. Media coverage and Western scholarship often views Muslim women as an oppressed mute victim and 'asserts or implies that Islam itself oppresses women'. Islamic Feminism and its Role in Cinema is a study to counter react the portrayal of Muslim women by the media.
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HEALTH
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Caring for Muslim Patients by Aziz Shaikh and Rashid Gatrad Radcliffe Medical Press, 2000 |
- This work covers the practical and ethical issues surrounding Muslim patients. It includes an overview of the Islamic world and explores the concept of health and disease within this paradigm. The book also gives practial advice to provide care in a culturally appropriate manner and outlines Muslim practices and customs that are of relevance to health and healthcare.
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Muslim Mental Health by Stephen Maynard Stephen Maynard & Associates, 2008 Click here for report |
- Within the work of Islamic counselling and Islamic psychotherapy there is a set of Islamic models and Islamic psychotherapeutic hybrids that provide valuable insights into the processes of working therapeutically with Muslims in accordance with their core beliefs. This is a developing field, the expertise in modelling training and practice in the UK residing in a limited number of individuals.
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Palliative Care for Muslim Patients by Zafir Al-Shahri & Abdullah Al-Khaneizan Click here for journal article |
- Terminally ill patients constitute a vulnerable group that deserves specialised and sensitive care that addresses their physical, psychosocial,and spiritual needs. This comprehensive approach to care at the end of life requires better understanding of the religious background of patients. Improvement in the awarenss of healthcare professionals about Islamic teachings is likely to promote sensitive caring for their Muslim patients
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Sport, Muslim Identities and Cultures in the UK: Case studies of Leicester and Birmingham by Mahfoud Amara & Ina Henry Loughborough University (on-going study) Interim report available from The School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough Leicestershire, LE11 3TU |
- Leicester in the East Midlands and Birmingham in the West Midlands have been selected because they represent respectively one of the most ethnically diverse areas in Britain and a domicile of the third of the Muslim population in Britain according to (ONS) 2001 census figures. The study will investigate the place of male and female sport within Muslim communities in Leicester and Birmingham by reference to the perspectives of individuals and religious leaders.
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HISTORY
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Islam in Britain - 1558 - 1685 by Nabil Matar, 1998 Click here for book details |
- "... The cover jacket of Professor Matar's book is an illustration from 1676 showing two Englishmen being served coffee, in the company of a turbaned Turk with twirled moustaches. The Turk is big and at ease, while his table companions are sitting in a demure fashion. It is an apt imagery that applies not just to the social interaction in the first coffee houses that appeared in Britain around this period, but to the wider inter-relationships between Britain and Muslims in the seventeenth century. Nabil Mater... has provided us with a work of meticulous scholarship that is timely for British Muslims today." [Extract from review]
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The Infidel Within - The History of Muslims in Britain, 1800 to the Present by Humayun Ansari , 2004 Click here for book details |
- "In ' The Infidel within' , Humayun Ansari draws on published research, augmented with his own archival enquiries and first-hand experience of some of the key themes involved, to attempt an integrated history of the Muslim presence in Britain. Among the topics addressed are migration and settlement, the evolution of a British Muslim Identity, Muslim women and families, Muslims and education and the growing mobilization of Muslim in Britain's political, religious and economic life. " [Extract from review]
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Victoria and Abdul: The True Story of the Queens' Closest Confidant Shrabani Basu, 2010 Click here for book details |
- "...he became one of her most trusted friends and elevated to the status of 'munshi� or the Queen�s teacher of Urdu and official Indian clerk, as well as being conferred with various honours such as the CIE (Companion of the Indian Empire) and the Star of India. Author Shrabani Basu provides a most evocative and perceptive account of the triangular relationships between a dignified Indian Muslim who remained true to his values and traditions, a lonely and intelligent Empress who disliked many of her immediate family members, and a racist and jealous Establishment." [Extract from review]
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Islam in Victorian Britain. The Life and Times of Abdullah Quilliam Ron Geaves, 2010 Click here for book details |
- This is the first full biography of Abdullah Quilliam (1856-1932), the most significant Muslim personality in nineteenth century Britain. Uniquely ennobled as the Sheikh of Islam of the British Isles by the Ottoman caliph, Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1893, Quilliam as a charismatic preacher, created a remarkable community of Muslims in Victorian Liverpool, which included a substantial number of converts. A successful solicitor, Quilliam fought for the rights of the citys poor and in the high noon of European colonialism, defended the Ottoman caliphate and independent Muslim states through his two international publications, The Crescent and The Islamic World. After 1908, in controversial circumstances, Quilliam left Liverpool and spent the rest of his life under a pseudonym, but still figured as a major contributor to British Islam in London, where he was involved with the Woking Mosque. Based on exhaustive archival work, Ron Geaves not only provides the first account of Quilliams colourful and turbulent life, but examines his teachings and considers his legacy for British Muslims today.
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HOUSING
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A Guide to Engaging Muslim Communities by John Perry & Azim El-Hassan Chartered Institute of Housing, 2008 Click here for publication details |
- Our experience as housing associations working with some of the most vulnerable people in society is that power is rarely shared evenly across communities, and communities (often unwittingly) impose significant barriers to active civic participation. This results in many communities having both low aspirations and low levels of sustainable cohesion. These communities are consequently poorly equipped to manage change or perceived threat, all too often bearing out negatively in intercommunity relations.
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Housing aspirations of white and second generation south Asian British women by Bethan Harries, Liz Richardson, and Andri Soteri-Proctor, 2008 Click here for report |
- The focus in housing policy on increasing housing supply, improving existing neighbourhoods, managing community relations, and offering more consumer choice make it important to understand how people make decisions about where they live. This research explored the housing aspirations of second generation south Asian and white British women. It questioned whether provision and services established to cater for first generation migrants remain relevant for second generation south Asian women.
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Muslim Housing Experiences by Patricia Sellick Housing Corporation, 2004 Click here for publication details |
- Contrary to received opinion about large Muslim families, census data for one-person and lone-parent households among the Muslim population are seen to be approaching levels similar to the total population. Differences are more apparent in relation to key measures such as overcrowding and access to employment. For example, Muslim children are more likely to be growing up in a household suffering from overcrowding and more likely to be growing up in a household where no adult is in work. The report thus highlights the vulnerability of Muslim children to social exclusion.
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IDENTITY
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Constructing identities of 'difference' and 'resistance': the politics of being Muslim and British by Mohammad Siddique Seddon Journal of Social Semiotics, Vol.20, No.5, November 2010, 557-571 |
- A number of existing academic researches exploring experiences and attitudes amongst the UK's Muslim population have highlighted the varied forms of discrimination encountered as a 'fact of life' of minorities in contemporary Britain. The combination of prejudice, discrimination and exclusion appears to have heightened emphatic self-definitions of religious identity, often ruling out any proximity to being British. An 'identity of difference' through asserted religio-cultural distinctiveness is usually interpreted as a response to compound racism; the combined effects of colour and cultural racism. Further, whilst colour racism is generally declining, there is an empirical reality of pervading anti-Asian cultural attitudes resulting in an increasing 'identity of unbelongingness'. The assertion of 'Muslimness' in opposition to a discriminatory hegemonic British identity provides a universal ''belongingness'' which further undermines the national identity. This paper will explore the construction of identities of difference and resistance amongst British Yemeni Muslims based on findings from research recently undertaken.
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Contemporary cultures of abstinence and the nighttime economy: Muslim attitudes towards alcohol and the implications for social cohesion, 2010 by Valentine G, Holloway S L, Jayne M Journal - Environment and Planning A 42(1) 8 � 22 |
- This paper draws on original empirical work with the British Pakistani community to explore Muslim attitudes to alcohol and alcohol-related practices, before considering how the Pakistani Muslim community�s culture of abstention shapes its members� access to, and use of, public space in the nighttime economy. We foreground the active role played by alcohol, as a nonhuman actor, in shaping emergent social relations by exploring its agency in generating new exclusions with the mainstream nighttime economy. By using the lens of a faith-based culture of abstention in this way, this paper provides a new perspective on debates about access to public space and social cohesion in the contemporary urban nighttime economy.
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Beyond Multiculturalism vs Assimilation by Dalia Mogahed Gallup Centre for Muslim Studies, 2007 Click here for report |
- Comparing attitudes of Muslim residents of London with those of the British public overall provides a new perspective on the growing debate over multiculturalism vs. assimilation in the UK. Contrary to the typical zero-sum framing of the issue, the study indicates that, particularly for London�s Muslims, strong identification with one�s religion and one�s nationality are not mutually exclusive.
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Multicultural Politics: Racism, Ethnicity and Muslims in Britain by Tariq Modood Professor of Sociology, University of Bristol, 2005 Click here for book details |
- "Coming from a progressive tradition, Professor Modood has decided to take up battle with his colleagues and the rigid secularist grip on the agenda. In particular, the idea that race was the foremost factor determining disadvantage and deprivation, has had to be peeled away in the light of the growing body of evidence. Addressing his progressive critics Modood says, "his ... is an attempt to make sense of things without trying to fit them into a certain model of what counts as explanation - whether the model aspired is Marxist, Weberian, positivist, Foucladian, or another. Relatedly, it meant a conception of theory that was highly flexible and assumed that what is theory is contested and so one could not be distracted from pursuing an effort to make sense of contemporary developments by those who ask for the theoretical basis of one's analysis." [Extract from review]
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Seen and Not Heard: Voices of Young British Muslims by Sughra Ahmed, 2009 Policy Research Centre, Islamic Foundation Click here for report |
- "The primary sources for this evidence-based policy paper were nine focus groups, conducted across the UK and comprising roughly equal numbers of young men and women, nine interviews with youth workers and other specialists, drawn from a variety of faith backgrounds and a roundtable discussion including academics. The empirical data was collected between October 2007 and August 2008. The author notes that 'it is not the intention of this report to provide conclusive findings which can then be used to generalise about British Muslims; rather the purpose is to map views and encourage a more open engagement with young Muslims that will allow scope for future research". The report includes the results of a literature survey which cites over 50 publications providing material and insights on policies and studies affecting Muslim youth. It has other chapters on 'Education', 'Identity, Belonging & Citizenship', 'Community Leadership', 'Media', 'Policing & Crime'." [from a review]
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Islam and Young Bangladeshis University of Wales Cardiff, on-going research supervised by Dr Sophie Gilliat-Ray, 2010 Click here for details |
- This is an anthropological study, involving field research in Bangladesh and the UK by Santi Rozario and Geoffrey Samuel, along with a research assistant. Sophie Gilliat-Ray will advise in relation to contemporary Islam. We will be studying young people in three main locations: rural Bangladesh (a village close to Dhaka city); urban Bangladesh (Dhaka city and Dhaka universities); and the Bangladeshi community in the UK (recent migrants, principally in Cardiff and London), through extended interviews and participant observations. We will also be studying relevant Islamic organisations, both through their writings and through interviews and participant observation.
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'Elite young Muslims in Britain: from transnational to global politics' by June Edmunds, University of Cambridge, 2010 Click here for details |
- Accounts of the politics of young, western Muslims tend to emphasise their radical transnational character, maintaining that �deterritorialisation� has led to a crisis of identity which has been filled by the rise of political Islam. This paper departs from this perspective and argues instead, focusing mainly on young British Muslims, that a significant number of young western Muslims has moved from transnational politics and activities towards global politics, rooted in universalist principles, which are soft rather than radical.
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ISLAMOPHOBIA
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Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim Hate Crime: a London Case Study by Jonathan Githens-Mazer and Dr Robert Lambert, European Muslim Research Centre, University of Exeter, 2010 Click here for report |
- "The authors observe that the motivation of anti-Muslim hate crimes stems from four sources: Islamophobic, negative and unwarranted portrayals of Muslim London as Londonistan and Muslim Londoners as terrorists, terrorist sympathizers; because perpetrators associate their victim with Osama bin Laden; the politics of the BNP, EDL and other groups in this arena; and local animosities between London street gangs and �Muslim� gangs arising from a perceived threat to their lifestyle from local convert Muslims. The authors provide a description of their research methodology, based on interviews, meetings and discussions conducted in London between September 2009 and January 2010, yielding over 150 hours of recorded or summarized interviews and discussion." [Extract from review]
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Thinking Thru' Islamophobia, 2008 Click here for Symposium Papers, University of Leeds, Centre for Ethnicity & Racism Studies |
- Symposium organised by S. Sayyid and Abdoolkarim Vakil - "those who see Islamophobia not as a polemical but analytical term are confronted by the paucity of its current formulation. It is a concept that is neither consistently defined, deployed or understood. This lack of conceptual rigour and depth allows Islamophobia to circulate widely but ineffectively. Like a buzzing fly, Islamophobia seems to irritate without bringing any illumination. Policy and opinion makers often resort to platitudes and cliches...to this end, we will address a number of key questions.
How was the phenomena that Islamophobia seeks to conceptualise dealt with prior to the formation of the concept? What is that the category of Islamophobia brings to the table - is it useful and if so why? How should a consistent and clearer understanding of Islamophobia help? How does Islamophobia relate to others of social exclusion? What is the relationship between Islamophobia and racism?
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Muslims in the European Union: Discrimination and Islamophobia European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC), 2006 Click here for report |
- "The 118 page report documents findings in the areas of employment, education and housing. It concludes by calling on Member states to provide migrants, including Muslims, with equal opportunities, and to take steps to prevent their marginalization and exclusion from mainstream society. The EUMC has also published a supplement - 'Perceptions of discrimination and Islamophobia - voices from members of Muslim communities in the European Union', drawing on 58 interviews, including young Muslims in Britain. It has found that feelings of exclusion can be more marked among European-born Muslims in comparison with their parents. It notes that "respondents in Denmark, Germany, France, the Netherlands and the UK reported that policies and public discourse in the last five years have negatively impacted on the sense of belonging. In the experience of some respondents, even those who had previously felt part of society, now feel increasingly alienated and rejected". " [Extract from review]
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LEGAL AND SHARIAH STUDIES
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Muslim Family Justice and Human Rights: the Experience of British Muslim Women by Samia Bano The Journal of Comparative Law, 2007, 2:2 |
- Exploring the tensions between feminism and Islam while drawing upon empirical research on the use of religious arbitration by British Pakistani Muslim women. Draws on fieldwork with Shariah Councils.
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MEDIA
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Images of Islam in the UK - The Representation of British Muslims in the National Print News Media 2000-2008 by Kerry Moore, Paul Mason and Justin Lewis Cardiff School of Journalism,Media and Cultural Studies, July 2008 Click here for report |
- research into media coverage of British Muslims, which was undertaken via three approaches: - a content analysis of 974 newspaper articles about British Muslims in the British Press from 2000-2008 - an analysis of the visuals/images used in articles about British Muslims in the British Press in 2007 and 2008. - A series of case studies of stories about British Muslims in the British Press. The Cardiff researchers note that "coverage of British Muslims has increased significantly since 2000, peaking in 2006, and remaining at high levels in 2007 and 2008. This rise is partly explained by the increase in coverage devoted to terrorism and terrorism related stories - 36% of stories about British Muslims overall are about terrorism....in recent years, however, we have seen the increasing importance of stories focusing on religious and cultural differences between Islam and British culture or the West in general (22% of stories overall) or Islamic extremism (11% overall). Indeed, 2008 was the first year in which the volume of stories about religious and cultural differences (32% of stories by 2008) overtook terrorism related stories (27% by 2008). Coverage of attacks on or problems facing Muslims, on the other hand, has steadily declined as a proportion of coverage. In sum, we found that the bulk of coverage of British Muslims - around two thirds - focuses on Muslims as a threat (in relation to terrorism), a problem (in terms of differences in values) or both (Muslim extremism in general)".
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MOSQUES
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Source
|
Extract/Summary
|
| 1 |
A Management Guide for Mosques & Islamic Centres by Shaukat Warraich & Kashaff Feroze Oak Community Development, 2007 Click here for Report details |
- Having frequented many mosques up and down the UK for the best period of three decades in the capacity as a worshiper, a devotee, a manager, a teacher and a cleaner we have been compelled to write this guide. The current status quo in many mosques cannot be allowed to remain. The necessity to service the multiple needs of 2nd and 3rd generation Muslims in the UK has reached critical levels.
|
| 2 |
Some Reflections on Principles of Islamic Education Within a Western Context by Atif Imtiaz Cambridge Muslim College, 2008 Click here for Report details |
- Imams that are arriving to serve in British mosques have been trained in the sciences of �aqidah, fiqh and in some cases tasawwuf, this being the traditional triumvirate of the sciences of the religion. The question that we should ask is, does this training in and of itself make the Imams fit for purpose for the communities that they serve?.
|
| 3 |
Voices from the Minarets - Empowerment not control Muslim Council of Britain, 2006
|
- This is an empirical study based on interviews with over 90 imams and mosque trustees conducted in August-September 2005, mainly in the larger cities in the UK. It also draws on the literature on the role of mosques and imams. The study notes the changing role of mosques in the UK-setting. Britain�s over 1000 mosques provide a remarkable range of social welfare and educational services and often serve as an essential focal point through which many disadvantaged people access services. The report includes over 30 recommendations to be taken up by mosques themselves, bodies like the Muslim Council of Britain and Government. Though the sample size is limited, for the first time there is some data on imams' ethnic origins, qualifications, competence in the English language and other details on mosque structures and status. The reports title, 'Empowerment not Control' is a reference to recent attempts by Government to exert a type of control over Muslim places of worship not found in the case of temples, churches or synagogues.
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STATISTICS
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Source
|
Extract/Summary
|
| 1 |
Office of National Statistics - Focus on Religion Click here for Report |
- Based on 2001 Census data and the definitive source on Muslim demographics for England and Wales, though now becoming dated - "Muslims were the largest non-Christian religious group � 1.6 million � and their profile shows a young, tightly clustered, but often disadvantaged, community."
|
| 2 |
Muslims on the Map by Dr Serena Hussain Click here for book details |
- "Many faith groups in the UK - most notably Muslims - have in recent years challenged the idea that religion should be predominantly a matter for the private domain. In response to this challenge, the 2001 National Census included the question of religious affiliation. Using the large-scale data of the 2001 National Census, �Muslims on the Map� has created the first long awaited community profile which looks at Muslims as an entire faith community from a sociological and social policy perspective. In her analysis Serena Hussain reveals the social position of Muslims as a group compared to other faith communities in terms of educational qualifications, economic activity and housing conditions and as demonstrated by other poverty indicators. In doing so she provides the first significant, comprehensive portrait of Muslim communities in modern Britain."
Dr Hussain's PhD work was part-sponsored by the MCB
|
| 3 |
Fertility by ethnic and religious groups in the UK, trends in a multicultural context by Dr Sylvie Dubuc Click here for paper, 2009 |
- "Family planning involves a number of personal, socio-cultural and possibly religious preferences that impact fertility rates. Differences in fertility rates between ethnic groups in immigrant countries are not well understood and there is scarce information on fertility rates between religious groupos, partly because few data is available. Here we repport recent trends in total fertility rates (TFR) of mothers in the UK belonging to the major ethnic and/or religious groups. TFR was estimated based on the cross sectional Labour Force Survey in the UK, applying reverse survival techniques. A rapid and continuing decline of TFR for the Pakistani and Bangladeshi groups since 1987 support the idea of fertility convergence across ethnic groups in the UK although some small differences remain between groups..."
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STUDIES ON THE MCB
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Source
|
Extract/Summary
|
| 1 |
Creating New Discursive Arenas and Influencing the Policies of the State: The Case of the Muslim Council of Britain by Konrad Pedziwiatr, Department of Sociology at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Click here for Paper |
- As research into the Muslim communities in Europe has showed citizenship is often central to their self-understandings and assertions of who they are. Many members of the second and third generation of Muslims get involved in the new types of Muslim organisations which are a product of political and social priorities of both Muslim communities and the wider society. These new organisations are weakening their reference to the regions of origin or other foreign agencies, just as they are becoming more �ecumenical� in their attitudes to cooperation with Islamic religio-political movements different from their own (Dassetto and Nielsen 2003: 534). One of such organisations is the Muslim Council of Britain (hereafter MCB) that tries to represent interests of all British Muslims vis-�-vis the government. The article analyses the efforts of the MCB to create Muslim public sphere and to influence the policies of the State.
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7/7 AFTERMATH
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Source
|
Extract/Summary
|
| 1 |
A Comparitive Study of the Representations of "Suspect" Communities in Multi-Ethnic Britain by Henry Nickels, Lyn Thomas, Mary Hickman & Sara Silvestri London Metropolitan University, 2009 (on-going research) Click here for details |
- Our use of the term �suspect communities� derives from Paddy Hillyard�s 1993 study on the impact of the Prevention of Terrorism legislation over the years on Irish communities in Britain. He argued that the implementation of this legislation rendered all Irish persons living in Britain �suspect�, which contributed to fostering a climate of (mutual) fear. We test the validity of the notion of �suspect community� in the current era, which is defined by a perceived Muslim threat. We examine the extent to which this concept can contribute a better understanding of the comparison between two eras, two perceived terror threats and two sets of communities that share a number of similarities.
|
| 2 |
Detention Immorality - The Impact of UK domestic counter-terrorism policies on those detained in the War on Terror by Asim Qureshi, CagePrisoners, 2009 Click here for report |
- "Asim Qureshi has assembled a dossier of 71 individuals subject to judicial processes in the UK that are inconsistent with respect for civil liberties....Sir Nigel Rodley, the distinguished human rights lawyer and professor, notes in his foreword to this report: "this disturbing publication reminds us of three things, what a wide array of techniques have been developed to detain or otherwise restrict people's freedom in the United Kingdom, without their having been charged or convicted in this country of any offence; two, how susceptible the techniques may be to error or even abuse; and, three, how destructive of the well-being of the affected individuals and their families, getting caught up in the maze of legal procedure can be...this publication will suggest to thoughtful readers that review of the system is called for". [Extract from review]
|
| 3 |
Preventing Violent Extremism (PVE) & PREVENT � a response from the Muslim community by Khalida Khan, An-Nisa Society, 2009 Click here for report |
- "The An-Nisa Society report provides a critique of PVE [Preventing Violent Extremism], written with an insider's knowledge. The group itself was recipient of some funding, for a project on self-development work with Muslim boys in the London Borough of Brent. Its first-hand interaction with young Muslim boys led it to conclude that "the government needs to take on board that it is not possible to deliver 'security led' initiatives through Muslim community groups as (a) it damages trust and credibility in frontline grassroots work and (b) it does not address the wider issues that have created the problems in the first place. Security needs to be addressed separately by experts in this field" (project report 'British Muslim or Wot?', March 2008)." [Extract from review]
|
| 4 |
The Rules of the Game - Terrorism, Community and Human Rights by Andrew Blick, Tufyal Choudhury and Stuart Weir, November 2006 Click here for Report |
- "...The report contains a sombre message on the future of Muslims of Britain: "for a variety of reasons, [they] are not beginning to prosper as new generations succeed the first settlers. There seems to be no 'second generation bounce' as there has been in other immigrant communities". It was not in the scope of the report to provide supporting evidence for this assertion. Is there empirical evidence that Muslims born in Britain are faring less well on socio-economic measures than their parents who were born overseas? The authors believe that unless Britain's counter-terrorism efforts are proportionate to the risks that confront the nation, "our society may lose its way for two generations or more". Extremist ideologies that promote hatred and terrorism can ultimately only be defeated on ideological grounds in free and open debate with a nation that upholds the rule of law and values of democracy, equality and freedom". [Extract from Review]
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MUSLIM CONSUMER
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Source
|
Extract/Summary
|
| 1 |
Shariah Compliant Investments 1st Ethical Charitable Trust, 2008 Click here for Report |
- "Purely from a Shariah perspective, investment is strongly encouraged. Islam normally favours the middle-path and therefore the extremes of hoarding wealth and consumption are clearly undesirable from a Shariah viewpoint. The Shariah prefers the balance between these extremes, which is achieved via a diligently prepared Shariah-compliant investment strategy. Moreover, investment usually stimulates economic growth and collective prosperity...." [from 1st Ethical website]
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SOCIOLOGY
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Source
|
Extract/Summary
|
| 1 |
Contemporary cultures of abstinence and the nighttime economy: Muslim attitudes towards alcohol and the implications for social cohesion, 2010 by Valentine G, Holloway S L, Jayne M Journal - Environment and Planning A 42(1) 8 � 22 |
- This paper draws on original empirical work with the British Pakistani community to explore Muslim attitudes to alcohol and alcohol-related practices, before considering how the Pakistani Muslim community�s culture of abstention shapes its members� access to, and use of, public space in the nighttime economy. We foreground the active role played by alcohol, as a nonhuman actor, in shaping emergent social relations by exploring its agency in generating new exclusions with the mainstream nighttime economy. By using the lens of a faith-based culture of abstention in this way, this paper provides a new perspective on debates about access to public space and social cohesion in the contemporary urban nighttime economy.
|
| 2 |
Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities Reports prepared by the Change Institute, 2009, for the Department of Communities and Local Government Click here for Reports |
- ...twelve reports placed in the public domain: on communities originating from Afghanistan, Algeria, Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Iran, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia and Turkey. A further report, on Iraqis, was planned. The report on the Somali community notes, ""there are said to be high levels of stress and mental health related illness in the community, the likely causes of which are lack of access to employment, racial harassment and isolation. The community also has to cope with the traumas resulting from many years of war and life in refugee camps, forced migration and family breakdowns. All these are believed to lead to a range of hidden 'health and well-being' issues, which are not being recognised or addressed by health and social welfare providers... Somali born migrants have the lowest employment rate and lowest levels of education of all immigrants in the UK."
|
| 3 |
Muslims in Western Europe by J�rgen Nielsen Edinburgh University Press, 2004 Click here for Googlebooks entry |
- Explaining how Muslim communities have developed in individual countries, the book examines their origins, their present day ethnic composition, distribution and organisational patterns, and the political, legal and cultural contexts in which they exist. It also provides a comparative consideration of issues common to Muslims in all Western European countries, namely the role of the family, and the questions of worship, education and religious thought.
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| Muslim Statistics Archive [pre 2003] |
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|
I.How many British Muslims?
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Source
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Findings
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|
1
|
Office for National Statistics http://www.statistics.gov.uk General Register Office, Scotland http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk |
- The Muslim population of England & Wales is 1.54 million. The Muslim
- population of Scotland is about 40,000.
- Total Muslim population 1.6 million.
- The Local Authority Districts with the highest Muslim populations are:
- Tower Hamlets - 71,000 (36% of population))
- Newham - 59,000 (24%)
- Blackburn - 27,000 (19%)
- Bradford - 75,000 (16%)
- Waltham Forest - 33,000 (15%)
- Luton - 27,000 (15%)
- Birmingham - 140,000 (14%)
- Hackney - 28,000 (14%)
- Pendle - 12,000 (13%)
- Slough - 16,000 (13%)
- Brent - 32,000 (12%)
- Redbridge - 29,000 (12%)
- Westminster - 21,000 (12%)
- Camden - 23,000 (12%)
- Haringey - 24,000 (11%)
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|
2
|
The Guardian, June 17, 2002, �British Muslims� series - A map of Muslim Britain |
- Muslim population 1.8 million (3% of total British population)
- The Muslim population of London � 1 million (total 7.2 million); Birmingham - 150,000 (1 million) � this includes the world's biggest expatriate Kashmiri population
- Scotland 60,000 (33,000 in Glasgow); Wales 50,000; N. Ireland 4000
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|
3
|
The Financial Times, January 23, 2002, quoting Professor M Anwar, head of the Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick |
- 1.8 million British Muslims
- About 10,000 British Muslims are Afro-Caribbean or white reverts
|
|
4
|
Analysis commissioned by the Muslim Council of Britain in 2001 - based on analysis of the 1999 electoral roll using 800 'standard' Muslim first name and surname combinations. |
- 340,000 households. The 1991 Census suggests the Pakistani/Bangladeshi household is 4.9 (Table 8.3, �Household & family structure among ethnic minority groups�, by M. Murphy, in �Ethnicity in the 1991 Census, Vol. 1, HMSO, 1996) � so total population of 1.7 million.
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|
5
|
The Runnymede Trust, �Islamophobia � a challenge for us all�, 1997 |
- 1.5 million Muslims: Pakistani origin 610,000; Bangladeshi 200,000; Indian 160,000; Arab and African 350,000; others 180,000
click here for pie chart
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|
6
|
Population Trends, Autumn 2001, ONS: 'The sizes and characteristics of ethnic populations of Great Britain - latest estimates' |
- Ethnicity data: Pakistani origin - 675,000; Bangladeshi - 257,000 Indian origin - 984,000- say 30% Muslim - total South Asian Muslim population estimate:1.2 million
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|
7
|
London Chamber of Commerce report - December 2001 |
- 249,872 Pakistani and Bangladeshi live in Greater London area.
- There are about 150,000 Turks in the UK, of whom 90% in London
|
|
8
|
The Changing Geography of South Asians in Bradford' Dr. Deborah Phillips, University of Leeds, 2001 http://www.bradford2020.com/ |
- The 1991 Census indicated that Bradford's South Asian population numbered about 65,450 making up 14 per cent of the city's total population. 48,900 of these were of Pakistani/Kashmiri origin. This represented the second highest concentration of people of Pakistani origin in Britain.
- The latest estimates (from Bradford MDC) indicate that the South Asian population has grown considerably over the last decade to 94,250 and that people of Pakistani/Kashmiri origin number about 73,900. The South Asian population therefore now represents about 19 per cent of the total population of Bradford.
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II. Age, Gender and family demographics
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Source
|
Findings
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| 1 |
Office for National Statistics http://www.statistics.gov.uk - 7 May 2003 |
- - 33.8 of Muslims are aged 0-15 years (national average is 20.2%); 18.2% are aged 16-24 (national average is 10.9%)
- - 50% of Muslims were born in the United Kingdom
- - 60,000 Muslims are of Eastern European origin
- - 54.5% of Pakistanis and 46.6% of Bangladeshis were born in the UK
|
| 2 |
Population Trends, Autumn 2001, ONS: 'The sizes and characteristics of ethnic populations of Great Britain - latest estimates' |
- Per cent distribution by age
Pakistani 0 - 14 years 34% 15 - 29 years 31% 30 - 44 years 20% Bangladeshi 0 - 14 years 40% 15 - 29 years 29 %30 33- 44 years 18% Indian 0 - 14 years 23% 15 - 29 years 24% 30 - 44 years 27%
- Gender ratios
Pakistani & Bangladeshi Generally symmetric except for the 30 - 44 age band where there are approx 2 - 3 % and 4-5% respectively more males than females
|
| 3 |
The Guardian, September 21, 2001 |
- Half the ethnic minority community was born in the UK
- Nearly 90% of south Asian children live with both their parents, compared with 40% of black children.
- Half the white population is under 38, but half the minority ethnic population is under 27
|
| 4 |
Population Trends, Summer 2002, ONS: �Attitudes towards ideal family size of different ethnic/nationality groups in Great Britain, France & Germany� |
- Of 100 respondents from Indian and Pakistani ethnic groups interviewed (random selection). 46 percent of young British Pakistanis and 48 per cent of young British Indians want four or more children, compared to just 19 per cent of white people.
|
| 5 |
The Guardian, September 13, 2000, reporting on the survey of over-60s published by the ONS, 12/9/2000 (Author Maria Evandrou of Kings College, London) |
- Nearly 250,000 over -60s from ethnic minority groups and this number was set to swell as these groups aged
|
| 6 |
North West Lancashire Health Authority (April 1999) - analysis of patient registration database for Preston |
- 50% of South Asians were aged below the age of 24 as opposed to 30% of non-South Asians; though 12% of the local population, the South Asian proportoin in the 0-4 age group was 20%
|
| 7 |
Ethnic Minorities in Britain, Modood & Berthoud, PSI, 1997 - Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities 1994;Chapter 9,'Culture & Identity' |
- Parental decision over marriage partner - in Muslim men in the 16-34 range: 49%; in Muslim women in the 16-34, range 67%
|
| 8 |
Ethnicity 2002 ed. Amanda White, ONS http://www.statistics.gov.uk |
- 38% of Bangladeshis are under 16. This was double the proportion of the White ethnic group.
- Average size of households: Bangladeshi - 4.7, Pakistani - 4.2, Indians - 3.3, White - 2.3
- 15% of Pakistani families were lone parent families (in the White population it is 23% and Black Caribbean 54%)
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Top
III. Health
|
Source
|
Findings
|
| 1 |
'Caring for Muslim Patients' by Dr Aziz Shaikh Click here for presentation - mainly based on 1997 data (copyright Dr Aziz Shaikh) |
- Perinatal mortality rate amongst Pakistani mothers is 16%, twice UK average
- Respiratory symptoms amongst Muslims is higher than Hindus or Sikhs (18% compared to 14%)
- Diagnosed heart disease or severe chest pain is 18% amongst Pakistanis, 14% in Sikhs, and 8% in Hindus
- Reported long-standing illness is 20% among Muslims, compared to around 16% for Hindus and Sikhs
|
| 2 |
BMA News, May 25 2002 |
- 44% of men of Bangladeshi origin smoke, compared with 29 per cent of the general male population
- 56% of women of Bangladeshi origin aged over 55 chew tobacco
|
| 3 |
Ethnic Minorities in Britain, Modood & Berthoud, PSI, 1997 - Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities 1994;Chapter 7,'Health & Health Services' - Jmes Nazroo |
- Indians, African Asians and Chinese had similar levels of health to whites, while Caribbeans, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis had worse health than whites.
|
| 4 |
'Ethnicity, health and health behaviour: a study of older groups', NHS Health Development Agency, 2000 www.hda-online.org.uk |
- The difference in reported health status between white and ethnic minoritygroups was greatest for older age groups: Bangladeshis in their 40s and 50s were more likely to report poor health than any other ethnic group; 48% had 'not good health compared with 16% Indians and only 10% of white adults.
|
| 5 |
The Health Survey of Minority Ethnic Groups, Health Survey for England 1999, Department of Health, http://www.statistics.gov.uk/ |
- The mean number of prescribed drugs per person was 1 for the general population, but 2.04 for Bangladeshi men. While both men and women had a similar mean number for the general population, for Pakistani men and women it was 1.26 and 1.42 respectively.
- Self-reported diabetes among Bangladeshi men and women is six times more than the general population.
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Top
IV. Disadvantage, Poverty, Unemployment
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Source
|
Findings
|
| 1 |
The Guardian, June 21, 2002, British Muslims series, 'From Bangladesh to Brick Lane' |
- 37% of the population of London's poorest borough, Tower Hamlets, is Bengali
|
| 2 |
New Policy Institute www.poverty.org.uk |
- Bangladeshis and Pakistanis are twice as likely not to have a bank or building society account than the rest of the population.
|
| 3 |
BBC 'Women and Society reported on 28 May 2002 women_and_society.stm �28 May 2002 |
- Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are the poorest groups in the country. Just two in 10 of these women are active in the job market, compared with seven in 10 black Caribbean and white women.
- According to Heidi Safia Mirza of the Centre for Racial Equality Studies at Middlesex University �that is not to say that these [Muslim] women are shackled to the kitchen sink....These figures don't record home-working, time spent on family-run businesses, and unpaid work, so the idea that they don't participate isn't very helpful. Yet still people make the assumption that they are stuck at home being oppressed by their men folk."
|
| 4 |
'Black and Underpaid, study launched at the TUC's Black Workers' Conference, 12 April 2002 Reported on BBC |
- Pakistani and Bangladeshi men earn �150 per week less than white men, while the difference is �115 for Caribbean men and �116 for Africans.
|
| 5 |
Performance & Innovation Unit, Cabinet Office - Ethnic Minorities in the Labour Market - reported in The Guardian, February 2002 |
- Muslim men of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin are disproportionately unemployed compared to other Asians. Even after allowances for education and residential area, Pakistani Muslims are three times more likely to be jobless than Hindus are. Indian Muslims are twice as likely to be unemployed than Indian Hindus are.
- After adjustments for training and family circumstances, ethnic minority men earn less than white workers. For women the picture is different. Pakistani women earn �34 a week less than white women, but Indian and Caribbean women earn more - �14 and �30 respectively.
|
| 6 |
The Guardian, November 25, 2001 |
- In Rochdale, 96 per cent of Pakistani community and 89 per cent of Bangladeshis live in the five inner wards, among the most deprived areas in the North-West.
|
| 7 |
The Guardian, September 13, 2000, reporting on the survey of over-60s published by the ONS, 12/9/2000(Author Maria Evandrou of Kings College, London) |
- Older Pakistani and Bangladeshi people were almost three times as likely to live in a household without a phone than white, Indian or black Caribbean older people
- On an index of multiple deprivation, the survey found 47% of Pakistani and Bangladeshi pensioners experienced three or four times more types of disadvantage, compared to 42% of black Caribbean, 26% Irish, 19% white and 13% Indian
|
| 8 |
National Statistics, Labour Force Survey, Spring 2000 |
- In employment, Bangladeshis and Pakistanis are two and a half times more likely than the white population to be unemployed and nearly three times more likely to be in low pay
|
| 9 |
Department for Work and Pensions. Households Below Average Income 1994/5 � 2000/01 |
- Over two-thirds of Bangladeshi and Pakistani households (68%) are living below the poverty line (incomes below 60% of the median, after housing costs). This compares with just under a quarter (23%) for all households.
- Just under three-quarters of Bangladeshi and Pakistani children (73%) are living in households below the poverty line (60% of median income). This compares with under a third (31%) for children in all households.
|
| 10 |
Policy Studies Institute, �Ethnic Minorities in Britain: diversity and disadvantage� by T. Modood et. al, 1997 |
- Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are living in serious poverty. The report found that 80 per cent live in households with incomes below half the national average.
|
| 11 |
University of Huddersfield, �The development needs of the Pakistani community in Huddersfield�, 1997 |
- There is high social deprivation in areas of high Pakistani concentration
- A matter of concern is the level of unemployment amongst young Pakistanis, compared to other ethnic groups
|
| 12 |
Ethnic Minorities in Britain, Modood & Berthoud, PSI, 1997 - Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities 1994;Chapter 4,'Employment' |
- The percentage of economically active persons without work was around 15 per cent of whites - Bangladeshi and Pakistani rates were 42 & 38 per cent respectively
|
| 13 |
The Changing Geography of South Asians in Bradford' Dr. Deborah Phillips, University of Leeds, 2001 http://www.bradford2020.com/pride |
- There has been change in the pattern of South Asian residence over the 1990s, with evidence of suburbanisation. However, significant deprivation persists in the areas of high South Asian concentration, especially for the Muslim population of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin. The indications are that some are trapped in poorer areas by their economic circumstances and that social housing away from the inner city is not perceived as a particularly attractive alternative. Clustering on the basis of ethnicity remains important, even for the younger generation of South Asians. It is sustained by positive community links, traditions and a sense of ethnic identity. It is also maintained by a fear of racial harassment and isolation.
|
| 14 |
Ethnicity 2002 ed. Amanda White, ONS http://www.statistics.gov.uk/ |
- Over 40% of young Bangladeshi men are unemployed. The comparable unemployment rate for young White men was 12%
- Pakistani and Bangladeshi households were much more reliant on earnings from self-employment than other groups. Half of the self-employed Pakistanis were in the transport and communication industry.
- Pakistanis and Bangladeshis were much more likely to be living on low incomes. Almost 60% of the 1 million people in this group were living in low-income households before housing costs were deducted. This increased to 68% after housing costs
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Top
V. Home ownership & quality
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Source
|
Findings
|
| 1 |
'Ethnicity in the 1991 Census' Volume 2 edited by Ceri Peach (HMSO); table (5.12) 'Percentage of households by tenure and ethnicity'. |
77 per cent of Pakistani households are composed of owner-occupiers. They are overwhelmingly concentrated in terraced housing. About 45% of Bangladeshis are owner-occupier. Another report by Peach states that 43% of Bangladeshis live in council or housing association properties - 50% higher than the national average. |
| 2 |
The Guardian, September 13, 2000, reporting on the survey of over-60s published by the ONS, 12/9/2000(Author Maria Evandrou of Kings College, London) |
28% of older Pakistani and Bangladeshi people were in households without central heating and which were more likely to suffer from dampness and condensation 38% lived in overcrowded homes with more than one person per room |
| 3 |
The Guardian, 5 December 2002, reporting survey conducted by Deborah Phillips of Leeds University into ethnic minority housing trends http://www.guardian.co.uk/ |
Data from 435 Asian households and interviews found that there is no evidence that Asians are forming ghettos in Northern cities as a matter of choice. " Our findings show the affect of estate agents treating Asians unfairly, and worries on the part of the Asian population about isolation if they move, reinforced by fears of trouble. One in six of survey respondents said they had experienced harrassment intheir neighbourhood, even though they had opted to live in areas they saw as safe." |
Top
VI. Education
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Source
|
Findings
|
| 1 |
The Guardian, December 12, 2001 |
- How many faith schools are there? The State sector comprises 6,384 primary schools and 589 secondary schools: 4,716 Church of England, 2,110 Roman Catholic, 27 Methodist, 32 Jewish, four Muslim, two Sikh, one Greek Orthodox, and one Seventh Day Adventist.
|
| 2 |
The Guardian, June 17, 2002, British Muslims series |
- In 2000, 30% of Pakistani students gained five or more good GCSEs, compared with 50% in the population as a whole
|
| 3 |
National Literacy Trust |
- Black and Indian pupils have achieved a significant improvement in GCSE results over the past two years. From 1998 - 2000, the percentage of African Caribbean youngsters achieving five or more A*-C grades has risen from 29 to 37, while the proportion of Indian pupils getting top grades has leapt from 54% to 62%. A group defined as "other Asian" which includes Chinese pupils, also showed impressive gains. Last year, 70% got five or more top passes, up from 61% two years ago. However, a fall in achievement among Bangladeshi pupils from 33% to 30% and a below average rise in the performance of Pakistani children means the gap between the highest and lowest achieving ethnic groups has widened.
|
| 4 |
OFSTED - Inspection of Bradford Local Education Authority - May 2000 www.ofsted.gov.uk |
- "About a third of the pupil population are of minority ethnic heritage, mostly Muslims of Pakistani and Bangladeshi background. Some schools have a population which is almost exclusively of bilingual ethnic minority origin, whereas others are almost entirely white
- The district's education authority is ranked 148 out 150 in the country
- "the LEA serves the district very poorly ....the schools have been underfunded for several years."
- "in the school survey 51 per cent of first schools and 70 per cent of the middle and upper schools described the effectiveness with which the LEA evaluates services to schools as poor or worse"
- "In secondary schools (including upper schools and middle) only 45% of schools were judged good or very good compared with 70% nationally"
- "Issues such as ....raising the standards of ethnic minority groups...[lack] a consistent approach"
- "the LEA did not meet its targets for literacy in 1999"
|
| 5 |
The Universities & Colleges Admission Service (UCAS) annual data set for 2001 |
- The most popular subject groups for Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin boys were 'mathematical sciences & informatics'. Among girls it was 'social studies' and 'business and administration'.
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| 6 |
'Help or Hindrance? Higher education and the rute to ethnic equality' by Tariq Modood and Michael Shiner, British Journal of Sociology of Education, 2002 |
- A random sample of 1000 candidates from each of the main ethnic groups in the UK has found strong evidence of bias against ethnic minority candidates within the 'old' (i.e. pre-1992) universities. For example, while the probability of a white candidate receiving an initial offer was 0.75, for a Pakistani or Bangladeshi candidate with equivalent qualifications, the probability dropped to 0.57. This trend does not apply to the 'new' or post-1992 universities.
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| 7 |
Ethnic Minorities in Britain, Modood & Berthoud, PSI, 1997 - Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities 1994;Chapter 9,'Culture & Identity' |
- 48% of Muslims supported faith schools within the state sector, compared to 26% of Church of England (White) respondents, & 13% Hindu respondents.
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| 8 |
Ethnicity 2002 ed. Amanda White, ONS http://www.statistics.gov.uk |
- Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are most likely to be unqualified. Nearly half of Bangladeshi men and women had no qualifications. Anmong Pakistanis, 27% of men and 40% of women had no qualifications.
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Top
VII. Trade, Industry & Commerce
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Source
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Findings
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| 1 |
The Guardian, June 21, 2002, British Muslims series, 'From Bangladesh to Brick Lane' |
- There are 8,500 Indian restaurants, of which roughly 7,200 are Bengali
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| 2 |
The contribution of Asian businesses to London's economy - a report prepared by the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry', December 2001, published by the Greater London Authority |
- One in ten of London's 250,000 businesses are Asian owned. Pakistanis and Bangladeshis own 2,450 businesses.
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| 3 |
The Guardian, Feb 1, 2002 - based on a report published by Datamonitor |
- Britain may have well over 5000 Muslim millionaires with liquid assets of more than �3.6bn. Their wealth will make them among the most sought after customers by Britain's financial services sector�the market for Islamic [sharia-compliant] finance in the UK is set to grow hugely.
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Top
VIII. Politics and political participation
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Source
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Findings
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| 1 |
The Guardian, March 16, 2004, Survey of British Muslims & integration issues |
- Telephone interviews of 500 Muslimes indicate that support for Labour is waning. Other findings relate to anti-terrorism legislation, Iraq, Muslim Schools.
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| 2 |
The Guardian, June 17, 2002, British Muslims series |
- There are two Muslim MPs: Khalid Mahmood (Labour, Birmingham Perry Barr) and Mohammed Sarwar (Labour, Glasgow Govan)
- One Muslim MEP: Bashir Khanbhai (Conservative, Eastern Region)
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| 3 |
The Muslim Council of Britain, reported in The Muslim News, March 30, 2001, General Election Supplement |
- Top 10 constituencies with largest Muslim voter estimate: B'ham, Sparkbrook & Small Heath; Bradford West; Bethnal Green & Bow; Birmingham, Ladywood; East Ham; Blackburn; Poplar & Canning Town; Bradford North; Ilford South; West Ham
- Thirteen marginal parliamentary constituencies with significant Muslim voting potential: Bradford West, Rochdale, Glasgow Govan, Brent North, Enfield Southgate, Hendon, Harrow West, Watford, Colne Valley, Oldham East & Saddleworth, Wimbledon, Finchley & Golders Green, Hammersmith & Fulham
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| 4 |
The Muslim News, May 25 2001, 'Over 200 Muslim Councillors', By Hamed Chapman and Ahmed Versi www.muslimnews.co.uk |
- 217 Muslim councillors elected in the May 2000 local government elections (of a total of 25,000 councillors UK-wide).
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| 5 |
The Guardian, June 19, 2002, British Muslims series, 'Wake-up call for party that took votes for granted' |
- 84% of the Bangladeshi vote and 86% of the Pakistani vote went to the Labour Party five years ago. In Bradford West, a majority of the local Pakistani population, some 61%, put a cross next to the name of a Tory candidate rather than Labour as Muslims voted for a fellow Muslim rather than for a political organization.
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Top
X. Religious Discrimination
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Source
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Findings
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| 1 |
Home Office Research Study 220, 'Religious discrimination in England and Wales', by Paul Weller, Alice Feldman & Kingsley Pudman, February 2001 |
- Survey based on 628 returned postal questionnaires and 156 meetings. 70 questionnaires were completed by Muslim organisations
- A consistently higher level of unfair treatment was reported by Muslim organisations than by most other religious groups; unfair treatment in every aspect of education, employment, housing, law and order, and in all the local government services covered by the questionnaire.
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| 2 |
Islam Awareness Week survey conducted by YouGov, November 2002. Sample size 1900 http://www.isb.org.uk/ |
- 56% agree that "members of Britain's Muslim minority often suffer from unfair discrimination".
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Top
X. Hajj & Umra Travel
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Source
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Findings
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| 1 |
Foreign & Commonwealth Office - Advice to British Hajjis - January 2002 |
- Every year, around 20,000 British Muslims travel to Makkah for Hajj
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XI. Halal meat and food consumption
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Source
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Findings
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| 1 |
Meat & Livestock Commission - press release October 2001 on 'Muslim Lamb Campaign' |
- Although Muslims make up just five per cent of the population they consume an estimated 20 per cent of all lamb and mutton produced in Britain.
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Top
XII. Mosques
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Source
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Findings
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| 1 |
'Religions in the UK - Directory 2001 -2003; Editor Paul Weller, Director of the Multi-Faith Centre at the University of Derby; section on 'Muslims in the United Kingdom' |
In England and Wales the Registrar General lists 584 mosques for 1999 which are certified as places of worship". The Directory has a listing of about 440 mosques
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| 2 |
The Salaam portal www.salaam.co.uk The Salaam Mosque database can also be accessed by a WAP phone � enter wap.salaam |
Database of over 900 mosques, with postcode search facility.
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Top
XIII. Charities
Top
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Source
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Findings
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| 1 |
The Salaam portal www.salaam.co.uk |
Database of about 100 UK registered charities.
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